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60-25-3 | HEXAMETHONIUM CHLORIDE
CAS No: 60-25-3 Catalog No: AG003QWK MDL No:MFCD00031563
Product Description
Catalog Number:
AG003QWK
Chemical Name:
HEXAMETHONIUM CHLORIDE
CAS Number:
60-25-3
MDL Number:
MFCD00031563
IUPAC Name:
trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;dichloride
InChI:
InChI=1S/C12H30N2.2ClH/c1-13(2,3)11-9-7-8-10-12-14(4,5)6;;/h7-12H2,1-6H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
InChI Key:
PYIHTIJNCRKDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
EC Number:
200-465-1
UNII:
TIV4Q933FU
Properties
Complexity:
121
Compound Is Canonicalized:
Yes
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:
3
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
Exact Mass:
272.179g/mol
Formal Charge:
0
Heavy Atom Count:
16
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
0
Isotope Atom Count:
0
Molecular Weight:
273.286g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass:
272.179g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count:
7
Topological Polar Surface Area:
0A^2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
Literature
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| Cold response of the bladder in guinea pig: involvement of transient receptor potential channel, TRPM8. | Urology 20050201 |
| Autonomic mechanisms in the age-related hypotensive effect of propofol. | Anesthesia and analgesia 20050101 |
| Blood flow measurements in rats using four color microspheres during blockade of different vasopressor systems. | Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 20050101 |
| Effects of chronic anabolic steroid treatment on tonic and reflex cardiovascular control in male rats. | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 20050101 |
| The effect of e-, i-, and n-nitric oxide synthase inhibition on colonic motility in normal and muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice. | The Japanese journal of physiology 20041201 |
| Synaptic transmission in simple motility reflex pathways excited by distension in guinea pig distal colon. | American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20041101 |
| Ouabain at nanomolar concentration promotes synthesis and release of angiotensin II from the endothelium of the tail vascular bed of spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20040901 |
| Defining determinant molecular properties for the blockade of the apamin-sensitive SKCa channel in guinea-pig hepatocytes: the influence of polarizability and molecular geometry. | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20040802 |
| Spinal effects of oxytocin on uterine motility in anesthetized rats. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20040801 |
| Diminished baroreflex control of heart rate responses in otoconia-deficient C57BL/6JEi head tilt mice. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20040801 |
| Role of estrogen in nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-dependent modulation of vascular conductance during treadmill locomotion in rats. | Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20040801 |
| Mechanisms of sustained cutaneous vasodilation induced by spinal cord stimulation. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20040730 |
| Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for the long-term response of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla. | Brain research. Molecular brain research 20040726 |
| Differential reversal of drug-induced small bowel paralysis by cerulein and neostigmine. | Intensive care medicine 20040701 |
| Dilatation induced by 5-HT in the middle meningeal artery of the anaesthetised cat. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20040601 |
| Institution announces that only one health human subject died in research. | Human research report 20040601 |
| Cholecystokinin and prostaglandins inhibit responses of vagal afferent activity to systemic administration of nicotine in anesthetized rats. | Neuroscience letters 20040527 |
| Anti-inflammatory effect of acute stress on experimental colitis is mediated by cholecystokinin-B receptors. | Life sciences 20040521 |
| Nicotine serves as a feature-positive modulator of Pavlovian appetitive conditioning in rats. | Behavioural pharmacology 20040501 |
| Acute inhibition of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus decreases renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure in water-deprived rats. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20040401 |
| Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the reversal of critical haemorrhagic hypotension by endogenous central histamine in rats. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20040401 |
| Cardiovascular effects of methyleugenol, a natural constituent of many plant essential oils, in normotensive rats. | Life sciences 20040326 |
| Endogenous ouabain-like factor (OLF) secretion is modulated by nicotinic mechanisms in rat adrenocortical cells. | Life sciences 20040312 |
| Enteric neurones modulate the colonic permeability response to luminal bile acids in rat colon in vivo. | Gut 20040301 |
| Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense. | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20040301 |
| Neuromodulation of experimental Shigella infection reduces damage to the gut mucosa. | Microbes and infection 20040301 |
| Why wasn't an investigational new drug (IND) application required before appropriate study? | Human research report 20040301 |
| Less contribution of the nicotinic cholinergic and alpha2-adrenergic action of high acetaldehyde concentration on the inhibition of intestinal ethanol absorption. | The journal of medical investigation : JMI 20040201 |
| Effect of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor blockade on arrhythmogenic activity of endothelin-1 during inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in awake mice. | Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20040201 |
| Nicotine increases size and severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization. | Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 20040101 |
| Death of a research subject and a halt to all federally-funded research. | Human research report 20040101 |
| Author response to letter regarding 'Children in clinical research: a conflict of moral values' (AJOB 3:1). | The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 20040101 |
| Unique mechanism of action of Alzheimer's drugs on brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and NMDA receptors. | Life sciences 20031205 |
| Catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by non-cholinergic neurotransmission. | The Journal of experimental biology 20031201 |
| Blood pressure effects of intravenous apomorphine in conscious deoxycorticosterone-acetate salt-hypertensive rats. | Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20031201 |
| Effect of motilin on endogenous release of insulin in conscious dogs in the fed state. | Digestive diseases and sciences 20031201 |
| Trigeminal nerve-mediated reflex arterial blood pressure decrease and vasodilatation in lower lip of the rabbit. | Brain research 20031010 |
| Noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning for global protection of skeletal muscle against infarction. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20031001 |
| A newly identified buccal interneuron initiates and modulates feeding motor programs in aplysia. | Journal of neurophysiology 20031001 |
| Nicotinic effects on excitatory field potentials recorded from the immature CA3 area of rat hippocampal slices. | Experimental brain research 20031001 |
| Recovery of high blood pressure after chronic lesions of the commissural NTS in SHR. | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20031001 |
| Dual effects of acupuncture on gastric motility in conscious rats. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20031001 |
| Hypotensive effect of anandamide through the activation of CB1 and VR1 spinal receptors in urethane-anesthetized rats. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20031001 |
| Postoperative ileus is maintained by intestinal immune infiltrates that activate inhibitory neural pathways in mice. | Gastroenterology 20031001 |
| Sympathetic mechanisms in cerebral blood flow alterations induced by spinal cord stimulation. | Journal of neurosurgery 20031001 |
| Modification of spontaneous contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by serotonin receptor agonists. | Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 20031001 |
| Hypotonicity-induced increases in duodenal mucosal permeability facilitates adjustment of luminal osmolality. | American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20030801 |
| Analysis of factors that determine the compliance of rat jejunum to distension in vivo. | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030801 |
| Antro-pancreatic reflexes: long- and short-route reflexes in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030731 |
| Hypotensive effect of push-pull gravitational stress occurs after autonomic blockade. | Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20030701 |
| Involvement of enteric nerves in permeability changes due to deoxycholic acid in rat jejunum in vivo. | Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20030701 |
| Effects of nicotinic receptor blockade on the colonic mucosal response to luminal bile acids in anaesthetized rats. | Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20030701 |
| Oxytocinergic regulation of cardiovascular function: studies in oxytocin-deficient mice. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20030601 |
| Murine intestinal migrating motor complexes: longitudinal components. | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030601 |
| Peripheral and central sites of action for A-85380 in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. | Pain 20030601 |
| Inhibitory effect of the plant flavonoid galangin on rat vas deferens in vitro. | Life sciences 20030516 |
| Involvement of cholinergic neurons in the regulation of the ghrelin secretory response to feeding in sheep. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20030502 |
| Disruption of bladder epithelium barrier function after spinal cord injury. | American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20030501 |
| Melatonin in the duodenal lumen is a potent stimulant of mucosal bicarbonate secretion. | Journal of pineal research 20030501 |
| Agonist- and nerve-induced phasic activity in the isolated whole bladder of the guinea pig: evidence for two types of bladder activity. | Experimental physiology 20030501 |
| Cardiovascular effects of hypocretin-1 in nucleus of the solitary tract. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20030401 |
| Nicotinic transmission at functionally distinct synapses in descending reflex pathways of the rat colon. | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030401 |
| Fast synaptic connections from CBIs to pattern-generating neurons in Aplysia: initiation and modification of motor programs. | Journal of neurophysiology 20030401 |
| Local cooling alters neural mechanisms producing changes in peripheral blood flow by spinal cord stimulation. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030328 |
| Deficiency of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta 4 subunit causes autonomic cardiac and intestinal dysfunction. | Molecular pharmacology 20030301 |
| Endogenous CCK depresses contractile activity within the ascending myenteric reflex pathway of rat ileum. | Neuropharmacology 20030301 |
| The rebound excitation triggered by anticholinergic drugs from ovine pyloric antrum, small bowel and gallbladder. | Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society 20030301 |
| Nicotine-induced inflammatory decreasing effect on passive skin arthus reaction in paraventricular nucleus-lesioned wistar rats. | Pharmacology & toxicology 20030301 |
| Interaction of histamine and glucocorticoids with neural structures of the respiratory tract. | Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 20030301 |
| Role of the autonomic nervous system in push-pull gravitational stress in anesthetized rats. | Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 20030201 |
| Capsaicin-sensitive extrinsic afferents are involved in acid-induced activation of distinct myenteric neurons in the rat stomach. | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20030201 |
| Inhibitory effects of atropine and hexamethonium on the angiotensin II-induced contractions of rat anococcygeus smooth muscles. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20030201 |
| The effect of walking on regional blood flow and acetylcholine in the hippocampus in conscious rats. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20030131 |
| Effect of oxytocin on contraction of rabbit proximal colon in vitro. | World journal of gastroenterology 20030115 |
| Mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular responses to spinal dopamine receptor stimulation by apomorphine in anesthetized rats. | Neuroscience letters 20030102 |
| Does the cholinergic system modulate gastrointestinal slow waves during less active phases of migrating myoelectric complex in healthy rams? | Folia medica Cracoviensia 20030101 |
| [Difference in action sites between mecamylamine and hexamethonium on nicotinic receptors of sympathetic neurons]. | Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica] 20021225 |
| A rhythmic motor pattern activated by circumferential stretch in guinea-pig distal colon. | The Journal of physiology 20021201 |
| Influence of various feeding conditions, the migrating myoelectric complex and cholinergic drugs on antral slow waves in sheep. | Archiv fur Tierernahrung 20021201 |
| bis-Azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogues: ligands for alpha4beta2* and alpha7* subtypes of neuronal nicotinic receptors. | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20021104 |
| Inflammation inhibits muscarinic signaling in in vivo canine colonic circular smooth muscle cells. | Pediatric research 20021101 |
| Central Orexin-A stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion via the vagus. | Pancreas 20021101 |
| Nicotinic receptors regulate the release of glycine onto lamina X neurones of the rat spinal cord. | Neuropharmacology 20021101 |
| Acute effects of aflatoxins on guinea pig isolated ileum. | Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 20021001 |
| Vasopressin in CSF and plasma in depressed suicide attempters: preliminary results. | European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20021001 |
| Sex difference in urethral response to electrical stimulation of efferent nerves in the pudendal sensory branch of rats. | International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 20021001 |
| Role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in Suncus murinus. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020930 |
| Involvement of cholinergic neurons in orexin-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. | European journal of pharmacology 20020927 |
| Effects of extrinsic autonomic inputs on expression of c-Fos immunoreactivity in myenteric neurons of the guinea pig distal colon. | Brain research 20020906 |
| Nitric oxide-independent effects of tempol on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20020901 |
| Intravesical adenosine triphosphate stimulates the micturition reflex in awake, freely moving rats. | The Journal of urology 20020901 |
| Angiotensin II induces catecholamine release by direct ganglionic excitation. | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20020901 |
| Fast excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons of the rabbit pelvic plexus. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020830 |
| Remote preconditioning protects the heart by activating myocardial PKCepsilon-isoform. | Cardiovascular research 20020815 |
| Remote preconditioning by infrarenal occlusion of the aorta protects the heart from infarction: a newly identified non-neuronal but PKC-dependent pathway. | Cardiovascular research 20020815 |
| Excitatory action of lead on rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro and in vivo. | Life sciences 20020719 |
| Sites of action of adenosine in interorgan preconditioning of the heart. | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 20020701 |
| Alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation ameliorates impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. | The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20020701 |
| Protecting research subjects. | The New England journal of medicine 20020627 |
| Secretion from submucosal salivary glands of the ferret in response to a cholinesterase inhibitor applied onto the oral mucosa. | European journal of oral sciences 20020601 |
| Functional study on nitroxidergic nerve in isolated dog pulmonary arteries and veins. | Japanese journal of pharmacology 20020601 |
| Intraperitoneal administration of choline increases serum glucose in rat: involvement of the sympathoadrenal system. | Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20020601 |
| Sensitization of enteric reflexes in the rat colon in vitro. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20020418 |
| Effect of areca on contraction of colonic muscle strips in rats. | World journal of gastroenterology 20020415 |
| Sympathetic control of the cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia in the chick embryo. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20020401 |
| The nature of the acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in buccal smooth muscle of the pest slug Deroceras reticulatum. | Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology 20020401 |
| Gastric antisecretory role and immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid receptors in the rat stomach. | British journal of pharmacology 20020401 |
| Dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis perturbs muscarinic cholinergic control of colonic epithelial ion transport. | British journal of pharmacology 20020401 |
| Literature searches. | Lancet (London, England) 20020309 |
| Serosal application of Ba(2+) induces oscillatory chloride secretion via activation of submucosal cholinergic neurones in guinea-pig distal colon. | Acta physiologica Scandinavica 20020301 |
| Contribution of endogenous vasopressin to regional hemodynamics in borderline-hypertensive Hiroshima rats. | Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20020301 |
| Protecting research subjects--the crisis at Johns Hopkins. | The New England journal of medicine 20020227 |
| Mesaconitine-induced relaxation in rat aorta: involvement of Ca2+ influx and nitric-oxide synthase in the endothelium. | European journal of pharmacology 20020202 |
| Involvement of trigeminal spinal nucleus in parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in cat lower lip. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20020201 |
| The hexamethonium asthma study and the death of a normal volunteer in research. | Journal of medical ethics 20020201 |
| Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract. | The Journal of comparative neurology 20020114 |
| The brain renin-angiotensin system in transgenic mice carrying a highly regulated human renin transgene. | Circulation research 20020111 |
| Pro-erectile effect of systemic apomorphine: existence of a spinal site of action. | The Journal of urology 20020101 |
| Facilitation of acetylcholine signaling by the dithiocarbamate fungicide propineb. | Chemical research in toxicology 20020101 |
| Nitric oxide facilitates vagal control of heart rate via actions in the cardiac parasympathetic ganglia of the anaesthetised dog. | Experimental physiology 20020101 |
| Research guidelines: Hopkins deals with research volunteer death and aftermath. | The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 20020101 |
| Responses of myenteric S neurones to low frequency stimulation of their synaptic inputs. | Neuroscience 20020101 |
| [Action of regulators of peripheral cholinergic processes on development of early arrhythmia in myocardial ischemic rats]. | Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental'naia terapiia 20020101 |
| Role of autonomic nervous system for development and suppression of motion sickness in Suncus murinus. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011210 |
| Hypotensive and sedative effects of clonidine injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious rats. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20011201 |
| The death of a volunteer research subject: lessons to be learned. | CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 20011113 |
| Is clinical research still too haphazard? | Lancet (London, England) 20011110 |
| Is clinical research still too haphazard. | Lancet (London, England) 20011110 |
| Effects of chronic cardiac decentralization on functional properties of canine intracardiac neurons in vitro. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20011101 |
| Inhibitory effect of palmitoylethanolamide on gastrointestinal motility in mice. | British journal of pharmacology 20011101 |
| Nicotine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and CREB in PC12h cells. | Journal of neurochemistry 20011101 |
| Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation and the regulation of arterial blood pressure. | Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20011101 |
| Glutaminergic vagal afferents may mediate both retching and gastric adaptive relaxation in dogs. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011008 |
| Hepato-vagal pathway associated with nicotine's anorectic effect in the rat. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20011008 |
| Ongoing nicotinic and non-nicotinic inputs to inhibitory neurons in the mouse colon. | Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20011001 |
| Assessment of the capillary zone electrophoretic behavior of proteins in the presence of electroosmotic modifiers: protein-polyamine interaction studied using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. | Electrophoresis 20011001 |
| [Interactions of histamine and glucocorticoids with nerve structures of respiration passages]. | Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova 20011001 |
| Thermogenesis induced by intravenous infusion of hypertonic solutions in the rat. | The Journal of physiology 20010901 |
| Novel hypotensive agents from Verbesina caracasana. 8. Synthesis and pharmacology of (3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)-N(1)-agmatine and synthetic analogues. | Journal of medicinal chemistry 20010830 |
| 1966 and all that-when is a literature search done? | Lancet (London, England) 20010825 |
| Johns Hopkins troubles raise trial questions. | Current biology : CB 20010821 |
| Characterization of vagal input to the rat esophageal muscle. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20010813 |
| Second US institute investigates use of drug in asthma trial. | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20010811 |
| Death at Johns Hopkins. | Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010810 |
| Acute cold exposure induces vagally mediated Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons in conscious rats. | American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010801 |
| Cardiovascular effects of beta 3-adrenoceptor stimulation in perinephritic hypertension. | European journal of clinical investigation 20010801 |
| Trials suspended due to death at Hopkins. | Nature medicine 20010801 |
| The effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on catecholamine release in the pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). | General and comparative endocrinology 20010801 |
| Tachykinin NK(2) receptors and enhancement of cholinergic transmission in the inflamed rat colon: an in vivo motility study. | British journal of pharmacology 20010801 |
| Medicine. Dying for science. | Newsweek 20010730 |
| Clues of asthma study risks may have been overlooked. | The New York times on the Web 20010727 |
| 1978 study had troubles like fatal Hopkins test. | The New York times on the Web 20010726 |
| Johns Hopkins takes responsibility for volunteer's death. | Lancet (London, England) 20010721 |
| Clinical research. Procedures faulted in fatal asthma trial. | Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010720 |
| Johns Hopkins death brings halt to U.S.-financed human studies. | The New York times on the Web 20010720 |
| Johns Hopkins admits fault in fatal experiment. | The New York times on the Web 20010717 |
| Role of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in the sympathetic inhibition of motility reflexes of guinea-pig ileum. | The Journal of physiology 20010715 |
| Contribution of central amiloride-sensitive transport systems to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Brain research 20010706 |
| Nicotinic receptors involved in gastric noradrenaline release evoked by electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve in rats. | European journal of pharmacology 20010706 |
| Neural regulation of in vitro giant contractions in the rat colon. | American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010701 |
| Involvement of nerves and calcium channels in the intestinal response to Clostridium difficile toxin A: an experimental study in rats in vivo. | Gut 20010701 |
| Disturbance of the prejunctional modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission during chronic granulomatous inflammation of the mouse ileum. | British journal of pharmacology 20010701 |
| Nitric oxide synthases in vagal neurons are crucial for the regulation of heart rate in awake dogs. | Basic research in cardiology 20010701 |
| Healthy volunteer dies in US physiology study. | Lancet (London, England) 20010630 |
| Human subjects. Volunteer's death prompts review. | Science (New York, N.Y.) 20010622 |
| Asthma study death spurs inquiry. | Nature 20010621 |
| Adrenergic vasoconstrictor activity in the cerebral circulation after inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in conscious goats. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20010620 |
| Spinal proerectile effect of oxytocin in anesthetized rats. | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 20010601 |
| Evidence that extrapancreatic GLUT2-dependent glucose sensors control glucagon secretion. | Diabetes 20010601 |
| Neuronal control of the pyloric sphincter of the guinea-pig. | Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 20010601 |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands differently affect cytochrome oxidase in the Honeybee brain. | Neuroscience letters 20010518 |
| In vitro effects of nicotine on mitochondrial respiration and superoxide anion generation. | Brain research 20010504 |
| Intracisternal TRH analog induces Fos expression in gastric myenteric neurons and glia in conscious rats. | American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 20010501 |
| Endogenous opioids suppress activation of nociceptors by sub-nanomolar nicotine. | British journal of pharmacology 20010501 |
| Effect of vincristine on gastric motility in conscious rats. | Digestive diseases and sciences 20010501 |
| A pertussis toxin-sensitive 8-lipoxygenase pathway is activated by a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in aplysia neurons. | Journal of neurophysiology 20010501 |
| Localisation and neural control of the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the isolated perfused porcine ileum. | Regulatory peptides 20010420 |
| Barium-stimulated chemosensory activity may not reflect inhibition of background voltage-insensitive K+ channels in the rat carotid body. | Brain research 20010406 |
| Evidence for a form of adrenergic response to stress in the mollusc Crassostrea gigas. | The Journal of experimental biology 20010401 |
| Effect of vanilloid drugs on gastrointestinal transit in mice. | British journal of pharmacology 20010401 |
| Heterogeneity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in 5-HT-containing chemoreceptor cells of the chicken aorta. | British journal of pharmacology 20010401 |
| Effects of two newly synthesized analogues of lidocaine on rat arterial blood pressure and heart rate. | Pharmacological research 20010401 |
| Hexamethonium-type allosteric modulators of the muscarinic receptors bearing lateral dibenzazepine moieties. | Archiv der Pharmazie 20010401 |
| Effect of cholinergic agonists on resting membrane potential of earthworm body wall muscle cells. | Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20010401 |
| Low intensity spinal cord stimulation may induce cutaneous vasodilation via CGRP release. | Brain research 20010330 |
| Tachykinin-dependent and -independent components of peristalsis in the guinea pig isolated distal colon. | Gastroenterology 20010301 |
| Effect of an ET(B)-selective and a mixed ET(A/B) endothelin receptor antagonist on venomotor tone in deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension. | Journal of hypertension 20010301 |
| A novel effect of angiotensin on renal sympathetic nerve activity in mice. | Journal of hypertension 20010301 |
| Control of renin secretion from adrenal gland in transgenic Ren-2 and normal rats. | Molecular and cellular endocrinology 20010227 |
| Nicotinic receptors mediate the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in cultured cortical neurons. | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 20010201 |
| The possible cross-tolerance between morphine- and nicotine-induced hypothermia in mice. | Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 20010201 |
| Mechanisms for contractile effect of Dai-kenchu-to in isolated guinea pig ileum. | Digestive diseases and sciences 20010201 |
| Effect of stimulating non-myelinated vagal axons on atrio-ventricular conduction and left ventricular function in anaesthetized rabbits. | Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 20010114 |
| Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression are increased by intraventricular administration of nicotine. | The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 20010101 |
| Amplitude modulation of pulsatile insulin secretion by intrapancreatic ganglion neurons. | Diabetes 20010101 |
| Individual differences in rat locomotor activity are diminished by nicotine through stimulation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | Physiology & behavior 20010101 |
| Is compensatory vasoconstrictor tone in the hindquarter vascular region induced by hemorrhage in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats? | Japanese journal of pharmacology 20010101 |
| Nicotine induces calcium spikes in single nerve terminal varicosities: a role for intracellular calcium stores. | Neuroscience 20010101 |
| Reduction of colonic mucus by repeated short-term stress enhances experimental colitis in rats. | Journal of physiology, Paris 20010101 |
| Understanding channel blocking in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | Receptors & channels 20010101 |
| What does it mean to 'review' a protocol? Johns Hopkins & OHRP. | IRB 20010101 |
| Involvement of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of heart resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine. | Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 20001101 |
| Angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarii contributes to neurogenic hypertension caused by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition. | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 20000801 |
| Arecoline excites rat locus coeruleus neurons by activating the M2-muscarinic receptor. | The Chinese journal of physiology 20000331 |
| Myoclonic and tonic seizures elicited by microinjection of cholinergic drugs into the inferior colliculus. | Therapie 19990101 |
| Depressed heart rate variability and arterial baroreflex in conscious transgenic mice with overexpression of cardiac Gsalpha. | Circulation research 19980309 |
| Nicotine potentiates sulpiride-induced catalepsy in mice. | Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 19980101 |
| Cardiovascular effects of elgodipine and nifedipine compared in anaesthetized rats. | European journal of pharmacology 19970924 |
| Tachyphylaxis and sensitization to nicotine-induced tachycardiac and pressor effects after nicotine infusions. | Archives of medical research 19970101 |
| Participation of 5-HT3, 5-HT4, and nicotinic receptors in the peristaltic reflex of guinea pig distal colon. | The American journal of physiology 19961101 |
| A comparative study of the reversal by different alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists of the central sympatho-inhibitory effect of clonidine. | British journal of pharmacology 19960201 |
| Effect of acetylcholine on corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of conscious rats. | Endocrinology 19951101 |
| Contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to salt-sensitivity in lifetime captopril-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. | Journal of hypertension 19950901 |
| Intrathecal injection of an oxytocin-receptor antagonist attenuated postnephrectomy natriuresis in the male rat. | Neuroscience letters 19950728 |
| Regulation of alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in M10 cells following treatment with nicotinic agents. | Neuroreport 19950126 |
| Opioids induce while nicotine suppresses apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. | Cell growth & differentiation : the molecular biology journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 19941001 |
| Capsaicin-induced bladder hyperactivity in normal conscious rats. | The Journal of urology 19940801 |
| Characteristics of tail-tremor induced by nicotine in rats. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 19940801 |
| Chronic central versus peripheral ouabain, blood pressure, and sympathetic activity in rats. | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19940601 |
| Mechanisms of the putative cardioprotective effect of hexamethonium in anesthetized dogs given a large dose of bupivacaine. | Anesthesiology 19940301 |
| Mecamylamine reverses physostigmine-induced attenuation of scopolamine-induced hyperactivity. | Journal of neural transmission. General section 19940101 |
| Sympathetic activity enhances glucose-related ischemic injury in the rat. | Anesthesiology 19930601 |
| Neural mechanism of hypertension by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in dogs. | Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 19930101 |
| Hypotension decreases GABA levels in brainstem regions of the rat. | Clinical and experimental hypertension. Part A, Theory and practice 19900101 |
| Nicotine-induced tail-tremor and drug effects. | Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 19891201 |
| Upper limb blood flow during hexamethonium-induced hypotension. Studies in patients anaesthetized with halothane. | British journal of anaesthesia 19880201 |
| Balance among autonomic controls of heart rate in neonatal spontaneously hypertensive and borderline hypertensive rats. | Journal of the autonomic nervous system 19880201 |
| Central interactions between dihydropyridines and cholinergic systems in the control of blood pressure in rat. | Brain research 19871201 |
| Components of functional sympathetic control of heart rate in neonatal rats. | The American journal of physiology 19850501 |
| Ethanol withdrawal tremor potentiates the tremorogenic action of nicotine. | Medical biology 19850101 |
| The effect of peripherally administered GABA on noradrenaline-induced reflex vagal bradycardia in urethane anaesthetized rats. | General pharmacology 19850101 |
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