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51-98-9 | 19-Norethindrone acetate
CAS No: 51-98-9 Catalog No: AG003DVW MDL No:MFCD00271615
Product Description
Catalog Number:
AG003DVW
Chemical Name:
19-Norethindrone acetate
CAS Number:
51-98-9
Molecular Formula:
C22H28O3
Molecular Weight:
340.4559
MDL Number:
MFCD00271615
IUPAC Name:
[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate
InChI:
InChI=1S/C22H28O3/c1-4-22(25-14(2)23)12-10-20-19-7-5-15-13-16(24)6-8-17(15)18(19)9-11-21(20,22)3/h1,13,17-20H,5-12H2,2-3H3/t17-,18+,19+,20-,21-,22-/m0/s1
InChI Key:
IMONTRJLAWHYGT-ZCPXKWAGSA-N
SMILES:
C#C[C@@]1(CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@H]1[C@H]2CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@H]12)OC(=O)C
EC Number:
200-132-0
UNII:
9S44LIC7OJ
NSC Number:
22844
Properties
Complexity:
695
Compound Is Canonicalized:
Yes
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:
1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:
6
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
Exact Mass:
340.204g/mol
Formal Charge:
0
Heavy Atom Count:
25
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
0
Isotope Atom Count:
0
Molecular Weight:
340.463g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass:
340.204g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count:
3
Topological Polar Surface Area:
43.4A^2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
XLogP3:
3.5
Literature
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| Escitalopram versus ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate for symptomatic peri- and postmenopausal women: impact on depression, vasomotor symptoms, sleep, and quality of life. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20060101 |
| Different effects of tibolone and low-dose EPT in the management of postmenopausal women with primary headaches. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20060101 |
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| Efficacy on climacteric symptoms of a continuous combined regimen of 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and trimegestone versus two regimens combining 1 or 2 mg 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050801 |
| A study of the control of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women following sequential regimens of 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and trimegestone compared with a regimen containing 1 mg estradiol valerate and norethisterone over a two-year period. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050801 |
| A comparative 2-year study of the effects of sequential regimens of 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and trimegestone with a regimen containing estradiol valerate and norethisterone on the bleeding profile and endometrial safety in postmenopausal women. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050801 |
| An overview of menopausal oestrogen-progestin hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. | British journal of cancer 20050606 |
| The effect of the phytoestrogen genistein and hormone replacement therapy on homocysteine and C-reactive protein level in postmenopausal women. | Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 20050501 |
| The effects of hormone replacement on the biomechanical properties of the uterosacral and round ligaments in the monkey model. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20050501 |
| Gonadal protection by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist depot in young women with Hodgkin's disease undergoing chemotherapy. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050501 |
| Serum androgen levels and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women: association with hormone therapy, tibolone and raloxifene. | Maturitas 20050411 |
| Lipids and clotting factors during low dose transdermal estradiol/norethisterone use. | Maturitas 20050411 |
| The impact of a monophasic continuous estro-progestogenic treatment on Latin American menopausal women. | Maturitas 20050314 |
| Oral contraceptives as substrates and inhibitors for human cytosolic SULTs. | Journal of biochemistry 20050301 |
| Differential effects of estrogens and progestins on the anticoagulant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in the rat. | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 20050301 |
| Tibolone, transdermal estradiol or oral estrogen-progestin therapies: effects on circulating allopregnanolone, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone levels. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050301 |
| Influence of different HRT regimens on mammographic density. | Maturitas 20050214 |
| Different effects of tibolone and continuous combined estrogen plus progestogen hormone therapy on sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone levels--an association with mammographic density. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050201 |
| The effect of hormone replacement therapy on oxidized low density lipoprotein levels and paraoxonase activity in postmenopausal women. | The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 20050101 |
| Validation of the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale in a multicenter controlled clinical trial. | Psychosomatic medicine 20050101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy does not affect the 24-hour heart rate variability in postmenopausal women: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with two regimens. | Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 20050101 |
| Dose effects of progesterone in add-back therapy during GnRHa treatment. | The Journal of reproductive medicine 20050101 |
| A multicenter, open-label study to evaluate satisfaction and menopausal quality of life in women using transdermal estradiol/norethindrone acetate therapy for the management of menopausal signs and symptoms. | Gynecologic and obstetric investigation 20050101 |
| Evaluation of the effects of various gestagens on insulin sensitivity, using homeostatic model assessment, in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20050101 |
| Hormone use and patient concerns after the findings of the Women's Health Initiative. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20050101 |
| Interleukin-6 and flow-mediated dilatation as markers of increased vascular inflammation in women receiving hormone therapy. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20050101 |
| Oral hormone therapy with 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol in combination with norethindrone acetate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women: dose-dependent effects. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20050101 |
| Progestins used in hormonal replacement therapy display different effects in coronary arteries from New Zealand white rabbits. | Maturitas 20041210 |
| Progesterone abolishes estrogen and/or atorvastatin endothelium dependent vasodilatory effects. | Atherosclerosis 20041101 |
| Apoptosis, proliferation, and sex steroid receptors in postmenopausal endometrium before and during HRT. | Maturitas 20041015 |
| Effect of hormone therapy and raloxifene on serum VE-cadherin in postmenopausal women. | Fertility and sterility 20040901 |
| Randomized trial of effects of estradiol in combination with either norethisterone acetate or trimegestone on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040901 |
| Anticardiolipin antibodies during hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20040820 |
| A comparison of the central effects of different progestins used in hormone replacement therapy. | Maturitas 20040820 |
| Carotid and uterine vascular resistance in short-term hormone replacement therapy postmenopausal users. | Maturitas 20040820 |
| Effects of continuous combined conjugated estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate and 17beta-estadiol/norethisterone acetate on lipids and lipoproteins. | Maturitas 20040615 |
| Mammographic breast density, hormones, and growth factors during continuous combined hormone therapy. | Fertility and sterility 20040601 |
| Effect of previous hormone replacement therapy on endometrial polyps during menopause. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20040601 |
| Long-term effects of two different continuous combined regimens of hormone replacement therapy on well-being. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20040601 |
| Uterine effects of estrogen plus progestin therapy and raloxifene: adjudicated results from the EURALOX study. | Obstetrics and gynecology 20040501 |
| Effect of hormone replacement therapy, tibolone and raloxifene on serum lipids, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) in Greek postmenopausal women. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20040501 |
| Randomized trial of effect of transdermal continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk markers. | British journal of haematology 20040301 |
| Determination of the physical state of norethindrone acetate containing transdermal drug delivery systems by isothermal microcalorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy. | European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 20040301 |
| Use of isothermal heat conduction microcalorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy for characterisation of crystals grown in steroid combination-containing transdermal drug delivery systems. | European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 20040301 |
| Endogenous estradiol metabolism during treatment with oral contraceptives. | International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20040301 |
| Different cerebrovascular effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone acetate in the New Zealand White rabbit. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| Endometrial safety and tolerability of triphasic sequential hormone replacement estradiol valerate/medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy regimen. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| A comparative study of breast cell proliferation during hormone replacement therapy: effects of tibolon and continuous combined estrogen-progestogen treatment. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| A low-dose start in hormone replacement therapy provides a beneficial bleeding profile and few side-effects: randomized comparison with a conventional-dose regimen. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| Low-dose oral combination of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate in postmenopausal women decreases factor VII, fibrinogen, antithrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| Well-being at onset of hormone replacement therapy: comparison between two continuous combined regimens. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20040301 |
| The effect of hormone replacement therapy on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with hypertension. | Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 20040201 |
| Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis. | The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20040201 |
| Treatment of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain with letrozole and norethindrone acetate: a pilot study. | Fertility and sterility 20040201 |
| Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with diabetes. | Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 20040101 |
| Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on the circulating soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand-osteoprotegerin system in early postmenopausal women. | The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20040101 |
| Effect on endometrium of combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy of 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate. | Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology 20040101 |
| Risk of progression in complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia: clinicopathologic analysis in cases with and without progestogen treatment. | International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 20040101 |
| The effect of hormone therapy and raloxifene on serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in postmenopausal women. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20040101 |
| A cost-effectiveness evaluation of two continuous-combined hormone therapies for the management of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20040101 |
| Estrogen replacement therapy in combination with continuous intrauterine progestin administration reduces the amount of circulating oxidized LDL in postmenopausal women: dependence on the dose of progestin. | Annals of medicine 20040101 |
| Effects of genistein on hot flushes in early postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind EPT- and placebo-controlled study. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20040101 |
| Measurement of aortic blood flow by magnetic resonance below and above the origin of the coronary arteries in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 20040101 |
| Combined hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with features of metabolic syndrome. Results from a population-based study of Swedish women: Women's Health in the Lund Area study. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20040101 |
| Anogenital distance in human male and female newborns: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. | Environmental health : a global access science source 20040101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D3 versus calcium and vitamin D3 alone decreases markers of cartilage and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46523456]. | Arthritis research & therapy 20040101 |
| Changes in bone density and turnover after alendronate or estrogen withdrawal. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20040101 |
| [The effect of transdermal hormone replacement therapy on vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal women]. | Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 20040101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen in healthy postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20031210 |
| Effect of hormone replacement therapy on serum levels of tumor markers in healthy postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20031210 |
| Differential effects of progestogens on breast cancer cell lines. | Maturitas 20031210 |
| Effects of low-dose 17-beta-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate and tibolone on fasting plasma homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women. | Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 20031201 |
| Impact of different progestins on endometrial vascularisation of postmenopausal women. A retrospective image analysis-morphometric study. | Maturitas 20031120 |
| The effects of hormone replacement therapy type on pulmonary functions in postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20031120 |
| An overview of nomegestrol acetate selective receptor binding and lack of estrogenic action on hormone-dependent cancer cells. | The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 20031101 |
| Effects of progestins of human proliferative endometrium: an in vitro model of potential clinical relevance. | International journal of molecular medicine 20031001 |
| The lipid and clinical effects of sequential transdermal estradiol and estradiol/norethisterone acetate in 674 women. | Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 20031001 |
| Increased risk of stroke in hypertensive women using hormone therapy: analyses based on the Danish Nurse Study. | Archives of neurology 20031001 |
| Continuous intrauterine compared with cyclic oral progestin administration in perimenopausal HRT. | Maturitas 20030925 |
| Positive impact of hormone replacement therapy on the fibrinolytic system: a long-term randomized controlled study in healthy postmenopausal women. | Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 20030901 |
| Effects of hormone therapy and alendronate on C-reactive protein, E-selectin, and sex hormone-binding globulin in osteoporotic women. | Fertility and sterility 20030901 |
| [Changes in bone density in hemodialysed women treated with transdermal hormone replacement therapy]. | Ginekologia polska 20030901 |
| Modification of serum IGF-I, IGFBPs and SHBG levels by different HRT regimens. | Maturitas 20030820 |
| Changes in body composition during post-menopausal hormone therapy: a 2 year prospective study. | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20030801 |
| Clinical efficacy and safety of combined estradiol valerate and dienogest: a new no-bleed treatment. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20030801 |
| Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: the role of progestins. | Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 20030701 |
| The effect of various regimens of hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. | Maturitas 20030630 |
| Influence of silicone elastomer solubility and diffusivity on the in vitro release of drugs from intravaginal rings. | Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 20030624 |
| Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone quality in early postmenopausal women. | Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 20030601 |
| Serum lipids and apolipoproteins in Greek postmenopausal women: association with estrogen, estrogen-progestin, tibolone and raloxifene therapy. | Journal of endocrinological investigation 20030601 |
| Contrasting effects of two hormone replacement therapies on the cardiovascular and mammary gland outcomes in surgically postmenopausal monkeys. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20030501 |
| Hormone replacement therapy in the post-Women's Health Initiative era. Report a a meeting held in Funchal, Madeira, February 24-25, 2003. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20030501 |
| Bioassay of steroid hormone agonist and antagonist activities of anti-androgens on mammary gland, seminal vesicles and spleen of male mice. | Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine 20030501 |
| Effect of genistein on endothelial function in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. | The American journal of medicine 20030415 |
| Low-dose hormone therapy and carbohydrate metabolism. | Fertility and sterility 20030301 |
| Effects of low-dose, continuous combined estradiol and noretisterone acetate on menopausal quality of life in early postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20030225 |
| A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study that assessed the endometrial effects of norethindrone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol versus ethinyl estradiol alone. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20030201 |
| A multicentre randomised trial to compare uterine safety of raloxifene with a continuous combined hormone replacement therapy containing oestradiol and norethisterone acetate. | BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 20030201 |
| The effects of hormonal therapy on aortic stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function. | Acta cardiologica 20030201 |
| Effects of the natural and artificial menstrual cycle on the production of osteoprotegerin and the bone resorptive cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6. | Calcified tissue international 20030101 |
| Reduced vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women who receive combined norethindrone acetate and low-dose ethinyl estradiol therapy versus combined conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20030101 |
| Can we decrease breakthrough bleeding in patients with endometriosis on norethindrone acetate? | International journal of fertility and women's medicine 20030101 |
| Effect of low-dose transdermal E2/NETA on the reduction of postmenopausal bone loss in women. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20030101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with lower serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor and higher insulin-like growth factor 1. | Arthritis research & therapy 20030101 |
| The short-term effects of different regimens of hormone replacement therapy on left ventricular structure and performance in healthy postmenopausal women. A prospective, controlled echocardiographic study. | Gynecologic and obstetric investigation 20030101 |
| Bleeding patterns in peri and postmenopausal women taking a continuous combined regimen of estradiol with norethisterone acetate or a conventional sequential regimen of conjugated equine estrogens with medrogestone. | Maturitas 20021210 |
| Wnt-7a is upregulated by norethisterone in human endometrial epithelial cells: a possible mechanism by which progestogens reduce the risk of estrogen-induced endometrial neoplasia. | Cancer letters 20021201 |
| Effects of different progestin regimens in hormone replacement therapy on blood coagulation factor VII and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20021201 |
| A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in healthy postmenopausal women. | Fertility and sterility 20021201 |
| Differing effects of low-dose estrogen-progestin therapy and pravastatin in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20021201 |
| Impact of hormone replacement therapy on endogenous estradiol metabolism in postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20021025 |
| Haemostatic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. | Maturitas 20021025 |
| Effects of tibolone and combined 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate on serum C-reactive protein in healthy post-menopausal women: a randomized trial. | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20021001 |
| Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. | Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 20021001 |
| Norethisterone acetate in combination with estrogen: effects on the skeleton and other organs. A review. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20021001 |
| Effects of low dose hormone replacement therapy on markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20020930 |
| [Tibolone]. | Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 20020907 |
| A dynamic mechanical method for determining the silicone elastomer solubility of drugs and pharmaceutical excipients in silicone intravaginal drug delivery rings. | Biomaterials 20020901 |
| Lipids and antioxidative effects of estradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate treatment in a 3-month randomized controlled trial. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20020901 |
| National differences in lipid response to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | Maturitas 20020830 |
| The values of urinary NTx in postmenopausal women undergoing HRT; the role of additional alendronate therapy. | Maturitas 20020830 |
| Lack of stimulatory effect of dienogest on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by endothelial cell as compared with other synthetic progestins. | Maturitas 20020830 |
| Effect on endometrium of long term treatment with continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy: follow up study. | BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 20020803 |
| Effects of oral continuous and transdermal cyclic 17-beta estradiol and norethindrone acetate replacement therapy on platelet aggregation in postmenopausal women. | The Journal of reproductive medicine 20020801 |
| Cyclic estrogen-progestin hormone therapy as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of functional alterations of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis: case reports. | Endocrine research 20020801 |
| Impact of different hormone replacement therapy regimens on the size of myoma uteri in postmenopausal period: tibolone versus transdermal hormonal replacement system. | Maturitas 20020725 |
| Change in bone mass distribution induced by hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise in post-menopausal women. | Bone 20020701 |
| Effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy on plasma homocysteine in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20020701 |
| Intermittent progestin administration as part of hormone replacement therapy: long-term comparison between estradiol 1 mg combined with intermittent norgestimate and estradiol 2 mg combined with constant norethisterone acetate. | Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 20020701 |
| [Amenorrhea rate after switch from sequential hormone replacement therapy to continuous combined administration of low dose estradiol and norethisterone acetate]. | Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie 20020701 |
| Effects of a lipid lowering fibrate and hormone replacement therapy on serum lipids and lipoproteins in overweight postmenopausal women with elevated triglycerides. | Maturitas 20020520 |
| Transvaginal sonographic monitoring of the uterine effects of raloxifene and a continuous combined replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. | Maturitas 20020520 |
| Prolonged GnRH agonist and add-back therapy for symptomatic endometriosis: long-term follow-up. | Obstetrics and gynecology 20020501 |
| Hormone replacement therapy: estrogen and progestin effects on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20020501 |
| Effect of raloxifene on the ovarian circulation in women after menopause. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20020501 |
| Positive effects on cardiovascular and breast metabolic markers of oral estradiol and dydrogesterone in comparison with transdermal estradiol and norethisterone acetate. | Maturitas 20020425 |
| Number of years since menopause: spontaneous bone loss is dependent but response to hormone replacement therapy is independent. | Bone 20020401 |
| Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20020401 |
| Norethindrone acetate (NA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) related oxidative transformation products in stability samples of formulated drug product: synthesis of authentic references. | Steroids 20020301 |
| Randomized, double-masked, 2-year comparison of tibolone with 17beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. | Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 20020301 |
| The efficacy of two dosages of a continuous combined hormone replacement regimen. | Maturitas 20020226 |
| Effects of estrogen-progestin and raloxifene therapy on nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin-1 synthesis. | Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 20020201 |
| Does postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy affect cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women? | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20020101 |
| Estradiol valerate/dienogest. | Drugs 20020101 |
| Low dose transdermal estradiol/norethisterone acetate treatment over 2 years does not cause endometrial proliferation in postmenopausal women. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20020101 |
| Insulin resistance and lipids in hypertensive women on hormone replacement therapy. | Blood pressure 20020101 |
| Effects of sequential combined transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapies on serum lipid and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. | Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 20020101 |
| Tibolone versus 17beta-estradiol/norethisterone: effects on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. | European journal of gynaecological oncology 20020101 |
| Changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving low-dose combinations of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20020101 |
| Sensitivity and specificity of bioassay of estrogenicity on mammary gland and uterus of female mice. | Physiological research 20020101 |
| Effect of long-term continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with estradiol valerate and either dienogest or norethisterone acetate on mammographic density in postmenopausal women. | Medscape women's health 20020101 |
| Effects of long-term oral hormone replacement therapy on plasma nitric oxide and beta-endorphin levels in postmenopausal women. | Gynecologic and obstetric investigation 20020101 |
| Spotlight on estradiol and norgestimate as hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. | Treatments in endocrinology 20020101 |
| Continuous combined replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: effect on plasma lipoproteins, bone mass and the endometrium. | Hormones (Athens, Greece) 20020101 |
| Effective bleeding control and symptom relief by lower dose regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a randomized comparative dose-ranging study. | Maturitas 20011214 |
| Contraceptive vaginal rings. | Seminars in reproductive medicine 20011201 |
| The effect of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on arterial reactivity in postmenopausal women with established angina pectoris. | Atherosclerosis 20011201 |
| The effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives on the endogenous estradiol metabolism. | Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme 20011201 |
| Differential effects of raloxifene and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk: results from the Euralox 1 study. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20011201 |
| Acceptability and patterns of endometrial bleeding in estradiol-based HRT regimens: a comparative study of cyclical sequential combinations of trimegestone or norethisterone acetate. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20011201 |
| Combined hormone replacement therapy improves endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. | Journal of internal medicine 20011201 |
| Hormone replacement therapy and acquired resistance to activated protein C: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | British journal of haematology 20011101 |
| Effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy on internal carotid artery pulsatility indices in postmenopausal women. A prospective, randomized, comparative study. | The Journal of reproductive medicine 20011101 |
| Effect of norethindrone acetate on hormone levels and markers of bone turnover in estrogen-treated postmenopausal women. | Endocrine research 20011101 |
| Obesity and sarcopenia after menopause are reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy. | Obesity research 20011001 |
| Anti-ischemic action of estrogen-progestogen continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with established angina pectoris: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial. | Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 20010901 |
| Mammographic density changes during different postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies. | Fertility and sterility 20010901 |
| Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on plasma no concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. | Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 20010901 |
| Estimation of hormone replacement therapy influence on serum galanin level in postmenopausal women. | Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 20010901 |
| Trimegestone: expanding therapeutic choices for the treatment of the menopause. | Expert opinion on investigational drugs 20010901 |
| Comparison between 1 year oral and transdermal oestradiol and sequential norethisterone acetate on circulating concentrations of leptin in postmenopausal women. | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20010801 |
| Pharmacology and toxicology of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate in experimental animals. | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP 20010801 |
| Sensitivity to a neurosteroid is increased during addition of progestagen to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | Neuroendocrinology 20010601 |
| Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women using continuous combination hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate or with 17beta-estradiol and norethindrone acetate. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20010501 |
| The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hemostatic variables in women with previous venous thromboembolism--results from a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. | Thrombosis and haemostasis 20010501 |
| Constant estrogen, intermittent progestogen vs. continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: tolerability and effect on vasomotor symptoms. | International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 20010301 |
| Differential effects on the androgen status of postmenopausal women treated with tibolone and continuous combined estradiol and norethindrone acetate replacement therapy. | Fertility and sterility 20010301 |
| Efficacy of levormeloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and on the lipid profile compared to low dose hormone replacement therapy. | The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20010201 |
| The insulin-like growth factor-I system and hormone replacement therapy. | Fertility and sterility 20010201 |
| Allergic contact dermatitis from estradiol and norethisterone acetate in a transdermal hormonal patch. | Contact dermatitis 20010201 |
| Minimal androgenic activity of a new oral contraceptive containing norethindrone acetate and graduated doses of ethinyl estradiol. | Contraception 20010201 |
| Charcoal treatment and risk of escape ovulation in oral contraceptive users. | Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 20010101 |
| Temporal changes in cardiac function and cerebral blood flow during sequential postmenopausal hormone replacement. | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 20010101 |
| The effects of sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized single blind placebo-controlled study. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20010101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy after invasive ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma treatment: the effect on survival. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20010101 |
| Bioequivalence and relative bioavailability of three estradiol and norethisterone acetate-containing hormone replacement therapy tablets. | International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20010101 |
| The possible role of enterohepatic cycling on bioavailability of norethisterone and gestodene in women using combined oral contraceptives. | Contraception 20010101 |
| The metabolic and bone density effects of continuous combined 17-beta estradiol and noresthisterone acetate treatments in Thai postmenopausal women: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 20010101 |
| Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate improves homocysteine metabolism in postmenopausal women. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20010101 |
| Unscheduled bleeding during initiation of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a direct comparison of two combinations of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol to medroxyprogesterone acetate and conjugated equine estrogens. | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 20010101 |
| Bone-resorbing cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after hormone replacement therapy: a longitudinal study. | Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 20010101 |
| Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of vertebral fractures: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. | BMC musculoskeletal disorders 20010101 |
| Estradiol and norgestimate: a review of their combined use as hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. | Drugs & aging 20010101 |
| [A clinical assessment of a 3 month replacement therapy effectiveness with low norethisterone acetate (Activelle) in postmenopausal women]. | Przeglad lekarski 20010101 |
| Endometrial cancer after combined hormone replacement therapy. | Maturitas 19990315 |
| Effect of different insertion regimens on side effects with a combination contraceptive vaginal ring. | Contraception 19971001 |
| Alcohol ingestion enhances hepatocarcinogenesis induced by synthetic estrogen and progestin in the rat. | Cancer detection and prevention 19940101 |
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| Effect of alcohol ingestion on carcinogenesis by synthetic estrogen and progestin in the rat liver. | Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann 19910701 |
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