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38821-49-7 | Carbidopa
CAS No: 38821-49-7 Catalog No: AG003OP8 MDL No:MFCD00889211
Product Description
Catalog Number:
AG003OP8
Chemical Name:
Carbidopa
CAS Number:
38821-49-7
Molecular Formula:
C10H14N2O4
Molecular Weight:
226.2292
MDL Number:
MFCD00889211
IUPAC Name:
(2S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid;hydrate
InChI:
InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4.H2O/c1-10(12-11,9(15)16)5-6-2-3-7(13)8(14)4-6;/h2-4,12-14H,5,11H2,1H3,(H,15,16);1H2/t10-;/m0./s1
InChI Key:
QTAOMKOIBXZKND-PPHPATTJSA-N
SMILES:
NNC(C(=O)O)(Cc1ccc(c(c1)O)O)C
UNII:
MNX7R8C5VO
Properties
Complexity:
261
Compound Is Canonicalized:
Yes
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:
2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:
1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
Exact Mass:
244.106g/mol
Formal Charge:
0
Heavy Atom Count:
17
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
6
Isotope Atom Count:
0
Molecular Weight:
244.247g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass:
244.106g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count:
4
Topological Polar Surface Area:
117A^2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:
0
Literature
| Title | Journal |
|---|---|
| Beneficial effects of natural phenolics on levodopa methylation and oxidative neurodegeneration. | Brain research 20130225 |
| Droxidopa, an oral norepinephrine precursor, improves hemodynamic and renal alterations of portal hypertensive rats. | Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 20121101 |
| Protective effects of L-dopa and carbidopa combined treatments on human catecholaminergic cells. | DNA and cell biology 20121101 |
| Cysteine decrease following acute Levodopa intake in patients with Parkinson's disease. | Neuroscience letters 20120711 |
| Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa delivered from gastric-retentive extended-release formulations in patients with Parkinson's disease. | Journal of clinical pharmacology 20120701 |
| Drugs for treating Parkinson disease. | Nursing 20120701 |
| Carbidopa abrogates L-dopa decarboxylase coactivation of the androgen receptor and delays prostate tumor progression. | International journal of cancer 20120615 |
| Treatment of Parkinson disease: a 64-year-old man with motor complications of advanced Parkinson disease. | JAMA 20120606 |
| Carbidopa enhances antitumoral activity of bicalutamide on the androgen receptor-axis in castration-resistant prostate tumors. | The Prostate 20120601 |
| Dopamine and performance in a reinforcement learning task: evidence from Parkinson's disease. | Brain : a journal of neurology 20120601 |
| Finasteride attenuates pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson disease. | Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 20120601 |
| A clinically silent, but severe, duodenal complication of duodopa infusion. | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 20120601 |
| Dopamine dysregulation syndrome including mania related to coadministration of droxidopa. | Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 20120601 |
| Electrocatalytic oxidation and voltammetric determination of levodopa in the presence of carbidopa at the surface of a nanostructure based electrochemical sensor. | Biosensors & bioelectronics 20120515 |
| Are high doses of carbidopa a concern? A randomized, clinical trial in Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20120501 |
| Application of nanosized MCM-41 to fabrication of a nanostructured electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of levodopa and carbidopa. | The Analyst 20120421 |
| Trichophagia affects response to duodenal levodopa/carbidopa gel administration. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20120401 |
| Burning mouth syndrome in Parkinson's disease: dopamine as cure or cause? | The journal of headache and pain 20120401 |
| Oral formulations of L-dopa and continuous dopaminergic stimulation. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20120401 |
| Long-term exposure to duodenal levodopa/carbidopa infusion therapy improves quality of life in relation especially to mobility, activities of daily living, and emotional well-being. | Acta neurologica Scandinavica 20120301 |
| Malnutritional neuropathy under intestinal levodopa infusion. | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20120301 |
| The effect of different dosing regimens of levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone on plasma levodopa concentrations. | European journal of clinical pharmacology 20120301 |
| Parkinson's disease patients cannot get their dopamine replacement: the 8-Sinemet limit. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20120301 |
| Dynamic, adaptive changes in MAO-A binding after alterations in substrate availability: an in vivo [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography study. | Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20120301 |
| Optimizing levodopa therapy to treat wearing-off symptoms in Parkinson's disease: focus on levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone. | Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20120201 |
| IPX066: a novel carbidopa-levodopa extended-release formulation. | Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20120201 |
| Clinical inquiry. Which drugs work best for early Parkinson's disease? | The Journal of family practice 20120201 |
| Parkinsonism and dropped head: dystonia, myopathy or both? | Parkinsonism & related disorders 20120101 |
| Ocular motor and sensory function in Parkinson's disease. | Ophthalmology 20120101 |
| Complexity of motor response to different doses of duodenal levodopa infusion in Parkinson disease. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20120101 |
| Levodopa in combination with carbidopa does not affect plasma arginine vasopressin levels in treatment-naïve older patients with Parkinson's disease: A before-after study. | Neuro endocrinology letters 20120101 |
| Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20120101 |
| [A combined preparation stalevo in Parkinson's disease: a 5-year experience of continuous dopaminergic stimulation]. | Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 20120101 |
| Isolated extra pontine myelinolysis presenting as acute onset parkinsonism. | BMJ case reports 20120101 |
| Levodopa-induced breathing, cognitive and behavioral changes in Parkinson's disease. | Journal of neurology 20111201 |
| Westphal variant Huntington disease and refractory catatonia: a case report. | Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology 20111201 |
| Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps). | PLoS computational biology 20111201 |
| Levodopa ameliorated anorectal constipation in de novo Parkinson's disease: The QL-GAT study. | Parkinsonism & related disorders 20111101 |
| Immediate versus delayed switch from levodopa/carbidopa to levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone: effects on motor function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease with end-of-dose wearing off. | The International journal of neuroscience 20111101 |
| Nasogastric medication for perioperative Parkinson's rigidity during anaesthesia emergence. | Anaesthesia and intensive care 20111101 |
| Crossover comparison of IPX066 and a standard levodopa formulation in advanced Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20111001 |
| Lees' syndrome: a case series. | Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 20111001 |
| Elevation of total homocysteine levels in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with duodenal levodopa/carbidopa gel. | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20110901 |
| Three year follow up of levodopa plus carbidopa treatment in a prevalent cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease in Hai, Tanzania. | Journal of neurology 20110901 |
| A longitudinal study of motor performance and striatal [18F]fluorodopa uptake in Parkinson's disease. | Brain imaging and behavior 20110901 |
| Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of levodopa and carbidopa in human plasma. | Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS 20110901 |
| Duodopa infusion treatment: a point of view from the gastroenterologist. | Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD 20110901 |
| Relationship between 3-O-methyldopa and the clinical effects of entacapone in advanced Parkinson's disease. | Hiroshima journal of medical sciences 20110901 |
| Executive control in Parkinson's disease: effects of dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation on anti-cue keypress performance. | Neuroscience letters 20110815 |
| Clinical vignettes in Parkinson's disease: a collection of unusual medication-induced hallucinations, delusions, and compulsive behaviours. | The International journal of neuroscience 20110801 |
| Deletion in the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in a patient with a mild phenotype. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20110701 |
| Inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase modifies acute homocysteine rise during repeated levodopa application in patients with Parkinson's disease. | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 20110601 |
| In-vivo evaluation of prolonged release bilayer tablets of anti-Parkinson drugs in Göttingen minipigs. | The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 20110601 |
| Increased renal dopamine and acute renal adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. | American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20110501 |
| Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. | Current medical research and opinion 20110501 |
| Synphilin suppresses α-synuclein neurotoxicity in a Parkinson's disease Drosophila model. | Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 20110501 |
| Effect of controlled-release levodopa on the microstructure of sleep in Parkinson's disease. | European journal of neurology 20110401 |
| Transient executive dysfunction following STNDBS in Parkinson's disease. | The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 20110301 |
| Hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. | Archives of Iranian medicine 20110301 |
| Comparison of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation and Duodopa in the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20110301 |
| Severe weight loss in a young Parkinson's disease patient: a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. | The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 20110301 |
| Determination of L-dopa, carbidopa, 3-O-methyldopa and entacapone in human plasma by HPLC-ED. | Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20110220 |
| A tale of two tauopathies. | Neurology 20110215 |
| Cysteinyl-glycine reduction as marker for levodopa-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease patients. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20110215 |
| Transcutaneous port for continuous duodenal levodopa/carbidopa administration in Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20110201 |
| Behavioural and pharmacological examinations in a transgenic mouse model of early-onset torsion dystonia. | Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 20110201 |
| Effects of carbidopa and entacapone on the metabolic fate of the norepinephrine prodrug L-DOPS. | Journal of clinical pharmacology 20110101 |
| Oxidative stress and aminopeptidases in Parkinson's disease patients with and without treatment. | Neuro-degenerative diseases 20110101 |
| Clinical and biochemical characterization of patients with early infantile onset of autosomal recessive GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20110101 |
| Delayed-onset parkinsonian tremor following a mesencephalic lesion. | Parkinsonism & related disorders 20110101 |
| The association between adherence to levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone therapy and healthcare utilization and costs among patients with Parkinson's disease: a retrospective claims-based analysis. | CNS drugs 20110101 |
| [Treatment of non-motor fluctuations with combined drug stalevo in patients with Parkinson's disease]. | Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 20110101 |
| Increased plasma arginine vasopressin levels in dopamine agonist-treated Parkinson's disease patients. | Neuro endocrinology letters 20110101 |
| [Levodopa medications in the treatment of Parkinson's disease]. | Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 20110101 |
| A cost-effectiveness analysis of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel compared to standard care in late stage Parkinson's disease in the UK. | Journal of medical economics 20110101 |
| Dopaminergic drug-induced modulation of the expression of the dopamine transporter in peripheral blood lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease. | Pharmacological reports : PR 20110101 |
| [Nocturnal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and their treatment with the three-component drug levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone]. | Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 20110101 |
| 'You never told me I would turn into a gambler': a first person account of dopamine agonist--induced gambling addiction in a patient with restless legs syndrome. | BMJ case reports 20110101 |
| Carbidopa/levodopa pharmacy errors in Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20101215 |
| Comparison of orally dissolving carbidopa/levodopa (Parcopa) to conventional oral carbidopa/levodopa: A single-dose, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20101215 |
| A double-blind, randomized, placebo and active-controlled study of nebicapone for the treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. | CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 20101201 |
| A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury. | Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 20101201 |
| Tremor following ischemic stroke of the posterior thalamus. | Journal of neurology 20101101 |
| Night-time bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone is higher compared to controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa. | International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20101101 |
| Parkinson disease: adjunctive entacapone therapy increases risk of dyskinesia. | Nature reviews. Neurology 20101101 |
| Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. | Neurocritical care 20101001 |
| Levodopa-carbidopa may improve vision loss in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. | Journal of neurotrauma 20101001 |
| Melevodopa/carbidopa effervescent formulation in the treatment of motor fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20100915 |
| Increasing dopamine levels in the brain improves feedback-based procedural learning in healthy participants: an artificial-grammar-learning experiment. | Neuropsychologia 20100901 |
| Effect of S-COMT deficiency on behavior and extracellular brain dopamine concentrations in mice. | Psychopharmacology 20100901 |
| An interaction between levodopa and enteral nutrition resulting in neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome and prolonged ICU stay. | The Annals of pharmacotherapy 20100901 |
| Development of a dopaminergic system in sea urchin embryos and larvae. | The Journal of experimental biology 20100815 |
| Simultaneous voltammetric determination of levodopa, carbidopa and benserazide in pharmaceuticals using multivariate calibration. | Talanta 20100815 |
| Entacapone. | Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 20100801 |
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| Kinetic approach for the enzymatic determination of levodopa and carbidopa assisted by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. | Analytica chimica acta 20100712 |
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| Caffeic acid improves the bioavailability of L-dopa in rabbit plasma. | Phytotherapy research : PTR 20100601 |
| Contingency management and levodopa-carbidopa for cocaine treatment: a comparison of three behavioral targets. | Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 20100601 |
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| Importance of membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase in L-DOPA metabolism: a pharmacokinetic study in two types of Comt gene modified mice. | British journal of pharmacology 20091201 |
| The U937 macrophage cell line expresses enzymatically active L-Dopa decarboxylase. | Journal of neuroimmunology 20091130 |
| The effect of memantine and levodopa/carbidopa on the responses of phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations from aged rats. | Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 20091101 |
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| Immunohistochemical detection of L-DOPA-derived dopamine within serotonergic fibers in the striatum and the substantia nigra pars reticulata in Parkinsonian model rats. | Neuroscience research 20070901 |
| Fracture risk associated with parkinsonism and anti-Parkinson drugs. | Calcified tissue international 20070901 |
| The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. | Current clinical pharmacology 20070901 |
| Comment on Shpirer et al. ('Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson's disease: a polysomnographic study'). | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20070730 |
| Duodenal levodopa infusion for advanced Parkinson's disease: 12-month treatment outcome. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20070615 |
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| Safety, tolerability and efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa treatment for cocaine dependence: two double-blind, randomized, clinical trials. | Drug and alcohol dependence 20070511 |
| Simultaneous kinetic determination of levodopa and carbidopa by H-point standard addition method. | Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 20070509 |
| Panic attack like episodes possibly associated with pramipexole therapy in Parkinson's disease. | European journal of neurology 20070501 |
| Acute vs chronic effects of l-dopa on bladder function in patients with mild Parkinson disease. | Neurology 20070501 |
| The blood-brain barrier for catecholamines - revisited. | Neurotoxicity research 20070401 |
| Skin rash associated with Sinemet does not equal levodopa allergy. | Neurology 20070327 |
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| Nuclear imaging of neuroendocrine tumours. | Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 20070301 |
| Carbidopa/levodopa-responsive myoclonus. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20070215 |
| Intravenous levodopa administration in humans based on a two-compartment kinetic model. | Journal of neuroscience methods 20070130 |
| Two cases of rapid onset Parkinson's syndrome following toxic ingestion of ethylene glycol and methanol. | Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 20070101 |
| Cerebral folate deficiency and folinic acid treatment in hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) syndrome. | The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 20070101 |
| Clinical efficacy of a single afternoon dose of effervescent levodopa-carbidopa preparation (CHF 1512) in fluctuating Parkinson disease. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20070101 |
| Comparison of 200 mg retarded release levodopa/carbidopa - with 150 mg levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone application: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in patients with Parkinson's disease. | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20070101 |
| Entacapone prolongs the reduction of PLM by levodopa/carbidopa in restless legs syndrome. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20070101 |
| Simultaneous determination of levodopa and carbidopa in levodopa-carbidopa tablets by ATR-FTIR spectrometry. | Pharmaceutical development and technology 20070101 |
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| D-dopa is unidirectionally converted to L-dopa by D-amino acid oxidase, followed by dopa transaminase. | Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 20061101 |
| Sepiapterin reductase deficiency: clinical presentation and evaluation of long-term therapy. | Pediatric neurology 20061101 |
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| Symptomatic treatment in the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20061001 |
| Levodopa can worsen tremor associated with dystonia. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20061001 |
| Noradrenaline is necessary for the hedonic properties of addictive drugs. | Vascular pharmacology 20061001 |
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| Enteral levodopa/carbidopa gel infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in advanced Parkinson's disease. | Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20061001 |
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| Carbidopa pretreatment improves image interpretation and visualisation of carcinoid tumours with 11C-5-hydroxytryptophan positron emission tomography. | European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 20060101 |
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| Randomized controlled pilot trial of cabergoline, hydergine and levodopa/carbidopa: Los Angeles Cocaine Rapid Efficacy Screening Trial (CREST). | Addiction (Abingdon, England) 20050301 |
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| Treatment of end-of-dose wearing-off in parkinson's disease: stalevo (levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone) and levodopa/DDCI given in combination with Comtess/Comtan (entacapone) provide equivalent improvements in symptom control superior to that of traditional levodopa/DDCI treatment. | European neurology 20050101 |
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| Severe multivalvular heart disease: a new complication of the ergot derivative dopamine agonists. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20040601 |
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| Bruxism as presenting feature of Parkinson's disease. | The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 20020301 |
| Parkinsonism associated with interferon alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia. | Hawaii medical journal 20020301 |
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| Life-threatening parkinsonism induced by kava-kava. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 20020101 |
| Brain catecholamine metabolism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-deficient mice. | The European journal of neuroscience 20020101 |
| The SSRI, citalopram, improves bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with L-dopa. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20020101 |
| A double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study of the adenosine A2A antagonist theophylline in Parkinson's disease. | Clinical neuropharmacology 20020101 |
| Effect of levodopa and carbidopa in human amblyopia. | Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus 20020101 |
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| Post-stroke violent adventitial movement responsive to levo-dopa/carbi-dopa therapy. | Brain injury 20011001 |
| Dopamine mediates striatal malonate toxicity via dopamine transporter-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and D2 but not D1 receptor activation. | Journal of neurochemistry 20011001 |
| Atypical presentation of dopa-responsive dystonia: generalized hypotonia and proximal weakness. | Neurology 20010925 |
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| Stereoselective effect of (R)- and (S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | Brain research bulletin 20010901 |
| L-DOPA and glia-conditioned medium have additive effects on tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human catecholamine-rich neuroblastoma NB69 cells. | Journal of neurochemistry 20010801 |
| A novel neurodevelopmental syndrome responsive to 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. | Molecular genetics and metabolism 20010601 |
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| The central catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor tolcapone increases striatal hydroxyl radical production in L-DOPA/carbidopa treated rats. | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20010101 |
| Benserazide decreases central AADC activity, extracellular dopamine levels and levodopa decarboxylation in striatum of the rat. | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 20010101 |
| Clinical management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. | The Psychiatric quarterly 20010101 |
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| Chronic akinetic mutism after mesencephalic-diencephalic infarction: remediated with dopaminergic medications. | Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 20010101 |
| Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome in an elderly patient caused by abrupt withdrawal of tolcapone, a-catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor. | The American journal of medicine 20000415 |
| Combined use of the adenosine A(2A) antagonist KW-6002 with L-DOPA or with selective D1 or D2 dopamine agonists increases antiparkinsonian activity but not dyskinesia in MPTP-treated monkeys. | Experimental neurology 20000401 |
| Internal globus pallidus discharge is nearly suppressed during levodopa-induced dyskinesias. | Annals of neurology 19991101 |
| Drug-induced motor complications in dopa-responsive dystonia: implications for the pathogenesis of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations. | Clinical neuropharmacology 19990101 |
| Reversible parkinsonism induced by prolonged treatment with valproate. | Journal of neurology 19981201 |
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